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IDRANI | |
| Copyright © 1990 - 2013 Trent Pehrson | ||
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MAIN MENU
PHONOLOGY
Idrani Phone Inventory
Romanized Phoneme Map
Sipokhi Phoneme Map
Allophonic Variations
WHAT IS...
An Allophone?
Allophonic Variation?
An Articulation?
A Determinative?
A Grapheme?
The IPA?
The Khijadi Writing System?
Orthography?
A Phone?
The Roman Alphabet?
Romanization?
The Sipokhi Writing System?
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Phones
Romanized Phoneme Map
Sipokhi Phoneme Map
Allophonic Variations
SHOW SIMPLIFIED VERSION
ALLOPHONIC VARIATION
The chart below shows the major allophonic variations common to Idrani. Throughout this site, IPA and Khijadi transcriptions of Idrani will be written phonemically. Therefore, to pronounce transcriptions properly, the following allophonic variations should be kept in mind.
/ɑ/ → [æ] | /s/_/+nasal/
/ɑ/ → [ʌ] | /# -stressed/_ /ɛ/ → [e] | _/j/ /i/ → [ɪ] | _/l/ _/ɹ/ /l/ → [ɬ] | /t/_ /k/_ /h/_ /n/ → [ŋ] | _/q/ /n/ → [m] | _/p/ _/b/ /o/ → [ɔ] | /+consonantal/_/ɹ/ /+consonantal/＿/l/ /ɹ/ → [ɾ] | /+vocalic/_/+vocalic/ /ɹ/ → [r] | _/# +stressed/ /u/ → [ʊ] | /+consonantal/_/ɹ/ /+consonantal/＿/l/ /u/ → [ǝ] | _/# -stressed/ /+pulmonic egressive +stop/ → [+ejective +stop] | _/ʔ/ SHOW LINGUISTIC VERSION
PRONUNCIATION CHANGES
When a native speaker of a language talks, he/she pronounces some sounds differently whenever certain other sounds precede or follow them. This is done somewhat uncounsciously and is part of what accounts for the 'accent' associated with a language. The sound a native speaker percieves he/she is saying is called a phoneme. The sound a native speaker is actually pronouncing is called an allophone. Such pronunciation changes are known as allophonic variations. The rules below describe the conditions under which a sound that is a phoneme is pronounced as a particular allophone by a native Idrani speaker. Phonemes are shown between slashes and allophones are shown between square braces.
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ROMANIZED PHONEME MAP
The chart below shows the Romanized writing system for Idrani called Khijadi. The Roman graphemes are shown in red. The phoneme assigned to each Khijadi grapheme is displayed below it in black, using the International Phonetic Alphabet. The chart is layed out in English alphabetical order, according to the Khijadi graphemes. You may click on any of the highlightable graphemes below, to see an articulation diagram and hear pronunciation of the given phoneme. SHOW LINGUISTIC VERSION
WRITING IDRANI SOUNDS WITH ENGLISH LETTERS
The chart below shows which English leters can be used to write the sounds of the Idrani language. The English alphabet is sometimes called the Roman alphabet because the Romans invented it. When a non-english language is written using Roman letters, it is said to be Romanized. The Romanized writing system shown in this chart is called Khijadi. The Roman letters are shown in red. The sounds assigned to the Roman letters are displayed below them in black, using the International Phonetic Alphabet. You may click on any highlightable letter below, to see a pronunciation diagram and hear the pronunciation of that letter.
NOTE: The hyphen is used to make the following distinctions in the Romanized script:
dh = ð :: d-h = dʰ
gh = ɣ :: g-h = gʰ kh = x :: k-h = kʰ sh = ʃ :: s-h = sʰ th = θ :: t-h = tʰ SHOW SIMPLIFIED VERSION
SIPOKHI PHONEME MAP
The chart below shows a subset of the native writing system for Idrani called Sipokhi. The Sipokhi graphemes are shown in large print. Sipokhi graphemes in red have both phonemic and determinative values. Phonemic values for the Sipokhi graphemes are shown below them in black using the International Phonetic Alphabet. If the Sipokhi grapheme also has a determinative value, it will be listed in red beneath the grapheme. A more detailed explanation of the Sipokhi writing system is available in the orthography section of this site. SHOW LINGUISTIC VERSION
SOUNDS OF THE SIPOKHI CHARACTERS
The chart below shows a part of the native writing system for Idrani called Sipokhi. The Sipokhi characters are shown in large print. The red ones have both a sound and can be used to show a word category because they are picture-like. The sound for each sipokhi character is shown below it in black using the International Phonetic Alphabet. If the character also has the ability to categorize words, the picture it represents is also listed beneath it in red. You can learn more about the Sipokhi writing system in the orthography section of this site.
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IDRANI PHONE INVENTORY
The chart below shows the full phone inventory for the Idrani language using the International Phonetic Alphabet. Areas in the chart which are grey are considered to be impossible to articulate. You may click on the primary consonants in the first chart below and on the vowels in the second to the last chart below, to see articulation diagrams and hear pronunciation of the given phone. SHOW SIMPLIFIED VERSION
SOUNDS OF IDRANI
The chart below shows the all the sounds used by a native speaker of the Idrani language using the International Phonetic Alphabet. Areas in the chart which are grey are impossible to pronounce. Click on the main consonants in the first chart below and on the vowels in the second to the last chart below, and you will be able to see and hear how to pronounce them.
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